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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an advanced medical imaging technique that reveals how tissues and organs function at the cellular level. Unlike traditional imaging methods that show anatomical structures, PET scans detect metabolic activity by tracking radioactive tracers injected into the bloodstream.

The process begins when patients receive a small amount of radiotracer, typically a form of glucose. Cancer cells, which consume more glucose than normal cells, absorb higher concentrations of the tracer. The radiotracer emits positrons that collide with electrons in the body, producing gamma rays detected by the PET scanner.

PET scans excel at detecting cancer, evaluating heart function, and diagnosing brain disorders like Alzheimer's disease. They can identify diseases earlier than other imaging methods because metabolic changes often precede structural changes. In oncology, PET scans determine cancer stage, assess treatment effectiveness, and detect recurrence.

The technology continues evolving with PET-CT and PET-MRI hybrid systems, combining metabolic information with detailed anatomical images. This integration provides comprehensive diagnostic information in a single session. Modern PET scanners offer improved resolution and reduced radiation exposure, making them safer for patients.

Healthcare providers use PET imaging for personalized treatment planning, particularly in cancer care. The ability to visualize biological processes in real-time helps physicians make informed decisions about therapy adjustments. As artificial intelligence enhances image interpretation, PET technology becomes increasingly valuable for early disease detection and monitoring treatment response across various medical conditions.